TOBFAC: The database of tobacco transcription factors
Family: CCAAT-HAP3
Minimum number of tobacco CCAAT-HAP3 genes: 15
Count of tobacco CCAAT-HAP3 sequences: 18
Pfam accession: NF-YB
SHOULD possess NF-YB domain and COULD possess CBFD_NFYB_HMF domain but SHOULD NOT possess CCAAT-Dr1 domain
Proteins that bind to the CCAAT motif were first characterized in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae through analysis of mutants with reduced levels of expression of the CYC1 gene (encoding iso-1-Cyt c) (Guarente et al., 1984; Hahn et al., 1988). The CYC1 promoter comprises two UAS, one of which (UAS2) contains an inverted CCAAT motif that is required for UAS2-directed transcription. Activation of transcription from UAS2 requires HAP2, HAP3, and HAP5 (Pinkham and Guarente, 1985; Pinkham et al., 1987; Hahn et al., 1988; McNabb et al., 1995), which form a heterotrimeric CCAAT-box-binding complex. The yeast HAP complex recruits a fourth polypeptide, HAP4 (Forsburg and Guarente, 1989), which does not bind to DNA but associates with the HAP2,3,5 complex and activates transcription through an acidic domain. The HAP complex appears to control expression of genes important for mitochondrial biogenesis (de Winde and Grivell, 1993), demonstrated by the fact that yeast hap mutants show identical pleiotropic phenotypes, with a general reduction in cytochromes and reduced growth on nonfermentable carbon sources.
CCAAT-box-related motifs have also been identified in the promoters of a variety of vertebrate genes. A range of transcription factors has been shown to bind to different CCAAT boxes, with varying levels of specificity (Dorn et al., 1987; Raymondjean et al., 1988), and each is thought to play a distinct role in gene expression or DNA replication (Santoro et al., 1988). Direct homologs of the yeast HAP complex (called NF-Y, CP1, or CBF) have been identified in vertebrates (Maity et al., 1990; Becker et al., 1991; Li et al., 1992; Sinha et al., 1995). The individual vertebrate HAP subunits showed a remarkable similarity to the yeast homologs over short domains (Maity et al., 1990; Vuorio et al., 1990), which is sufficient to enable formation of a functional heterologous complex between the human HAP2 homolog and yeast HAP3 and HAP5 (Becker et al., 1991). However, outside of the highly conserved core protein motifs associated with DNA binding and subunit interactions, there is considerable divergence. Furthermore, there is no HAP4 homolog. Instead, the vertebrate HAP complex probably interacts with other classes of transcription factors to influence the level of transcription (Bellorini et al., 1997).
Based on their presence in other eukaryotes and sequence conservation between related plant gene promoters, putative CCAAT-box motifs have been identified for several plant genes (Rieping and Sch?ffl, 1992; Kehoe et al., 1994; Ito et al., 1995). As with vertebrates, there is no unifying expression pattern for plant genes containing putative CCAAT-promoter elements, indicating that they may play a complex role in regulating plant gene transcription, with greater similarity to the vertebrate model than to the yeast system. A homolog with sequence similarity to HAP3 has been isolated from maize (Li et al., 1992), and recently, a HAP2 homolog was characterized from Brassica napus (Albani and Robert, 1995).
Lotan, T; Ohto, M; Yee, KM; West, MA; Lo, R; Kwong, RW; Yamagishi, K; Fischer, RL; Goldberg, RB; Harada, JJ. Arabidopsis LEAFY COTYLEDON1 is sufficient to induce embryo development in vegetative cells. Cell 1998.93(7):1195-205 PMID: 9657152
Gusmaroli, G; Tonelli, C; Mantovani, R. Regulation of novel members of the Arabidopsis thaliana CCAAT-binding nuclear factor Y subunits. Gene 2002.283(1-2):41-8 PMID: 11867211
Edwards D, Murray JA, Smith AG Multiple genes encoding the conserved CCAAT-box transcription factor complex are expressed in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 1998 Jul;117(3):1015-22. PMID: 9662544
Number of contigs: 18
Number of singlets: 6
First half of the domain – 1
Last 20 aa – 1
Second half of the domain – 1
3 prime end of first half (FISFIT) – 1
First 30 aa – 1
Number of full – 13
Total minimum number – 15
| Family | Genbank ID | Name |
Paul J Rushton
Marta T. Bokowiec
Xianfeng (Jeff) Chen
Thomas (Tom) W Laudeman
Jennifer F. Brannock
Michael P. Timko